The effects of some genetic disorders may be minimised by
avoiding or reducing exposure to adverse environmental
factors. These environmental effects are well recognised in
common disorders such as coronary heart disease, and
individuals known to be at increased genetic risk should be
encouraged to make appropriate lifestyle changes. Single gene
disorders may also be influenced by exposure to environmental
triggers. Attacks of acute intermittent porphyria can be
precipitated by drugs such as anticonvulsants, oestrogens,
barbiturates and sulphonamides, and these should be avoided
in affected individuals. Attacks of porphyria cutanea tarda are
precipitated by oestrogens and alcohol. In individuals with
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, drugs such as
primaquine and dapsone, as well as ingesting fava beans, cause
haemolysis.
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